Program to End Modern Slavery - United States Department of State (2023)

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The Program to End Modern Slavery (PEMS) is a pioneering approach to combating human trafficking, combining cutting-edge research with targeted programming to rigorously test research methods to determine the prevalence and effectiveness of anti-trafficking interventions. human trafficking.

The primary goal of PEMS-funded interventions is to show a measurable reduction in human trafficking within the countries and specific geographic areas, industries, or populations where PEMS programs operate. There is often a lack of established evidence about what types of programs work best to reduce specific forms of human trafficking, along with uncertain estimates of how many people may be being trafficked in any given population. PEMS projects conduct baseline quantitative and qualitative research early in a project to inform program design, understand the context of trafficking, and contribute to the growing field of rigorous investigation of the prevalence of human trafficking. Once programming is complete, PEMS projects evaluate the results of interventions to build the evidence base of which activities effectively reduce human trafficking around the world.

The PEMS program began in 2017 and has funded $150 million in programming to date. Current programming takes place in 24 countries around the world.

Current Programs and Research

freedom background
(October 2019 to June 2023)

The Freedom Fund received a $7 million grant in 2019 to reduce the prevalence of domestic servitude among women and girls in Ethiopia and the Middle East migration corridor. Freedom Fund is working with local organizations and government stakeholders in Addis Ababa and Amhara.

Global Fund to End Modern Slavery
(October 2018 to September 2024)

GFEMS received a $21 million grant in 2018 to expand programming efforts begun in a previous PEMS award. GFEMS is working to manage sub-grants in India, Kenya, Uganda and Vietnam that address sex trafficking and forced labour. This grant will expire in December 2022. In 2021, GFEMS received US$5 million to program the reduction of forced labor in Brazil's agricultural sector through targeted interventions in the coffee industry in the state of Minas Gerais. GFEMS' work in Brazil will comprehensively address critical gaps with a group of coordinated and synergistic interventions, including a grievance mechanism available to workers and a decision support tool to improve the targeting of labor inspections.

Innovations for Action Against Poverty
(October 2020 to September 2025)

Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) received a US$5.6 million award in 2020 to increase the evidence base on the effectiveness of anti-trafficking interventions around the world. IPA is working with partner organizations to conduct impact evaluations and randomized control trials testing the effectiveness of anti-trafficking programming. In 2022, IPA was awarded an additional $2.3 million to develop a test lab in Nigeria. This program will support the Nigerian government in its goal to focus anti-trafficking programming more effectively within the country.

International Labor Organization
(October 2022 to March 2024)

The International Labor Organization (ILO) has received US$ 2 million in 2022 todevelop operational definitions, methodologies, and uniform guidelines for measuring trafficking in persons based on the United Nations Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons and the United States Act to Protect Victims of Trafficking and Forced Labor with based on the International Labor Organization Conventions on Forced Labour.This guide will help facilitate prevalence estimates and allow researchers and practitioners to better understand the nature of human trafficking with a coordinated set of research tools.

international migration organization
(October 2022 - September 2024)

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been awarded $2.3 million to address human trafficking in Kenya, which exists due to vulnerabilities and displacement exacerbated by climate change. IOM will employ a variety of livelihood support models to build economic resilience in communities facing economic insecurity due to climate change. In addition, IOM will work to raise awareness of human trafficking among specific populations. The program will test a variety of interventions using a phased approach and will refine program activities based on the results of the randomized interventions.

new york university
(October 2022 - September 2027) 

This five-year, $5.5 million intervention, implemented by New York University in India, will harness community health workers (CHWs) to identify victims of trafficking. among members of the Denoted and Nomadic Tribes (DNT) and help them access support, including access to identity documents, legal advice, alternative income and vocational training, as well as social services. The project will use a cluster-based randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of the proposed interventions.

Pan American Development Foundation
(October 2021 to September 2024)

The Pan American Development Foundation (PADF) received an $8.5 million award to reduce forced labor in the livestock industry in Pará, Brazil, through coordinated efforts that include raising awareness, strengthening law enforcement and employer capacity and increased access to victims. focused protection services. PADF will also work to increase government capacity to collect data, improve inter-agency coordination, and provide victim-focused services. All of these efforts will be tailored based on the research that PADF will conduct to better understand the nature of forced labor in the livestock industry.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
(October 2021 to September 2023)

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) received a US$2.5 million grant in 2021 to develop a better understanding of forced labor in the gold mining sector of Pará, Brazil, filling a gap critical in knowledge and informing in the future against trafficking. Efforts The investigation will include a prevalence study, an analysis of gold mining supply and value chains, and an examination of the convergence of forced labor with other criminal activities.

georgia university
(October 2018 to September 2025)

The University of Georgia Research Foundation (UGA) received a total of $25.9 million through PEMS awards. UGA is working to reduce the prevalence of child sex trafficking in Guinea, Senegal, and Sierra Leone by conducting specific prevalence baselines and developing programs that are based on this research. UGA is also conducting estimates of the prevalence of human trafficking through the Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum (PRIF) in Brazil, Costa Rica, Morocco, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Tunisia. PRIF aims to build a global community of researchers in the science of estimating the prevalence of human trafficking with a focus on documenting the effectiveness of various methodological approaches. In 2022, UGA received a $2.2 million grant to address financial inclusion for survivors of labor trafficking and people at risk of labor trafficking in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.Through a phased approach, the program will create and strengthen financial savings groups for survivors returning from South Africa and vulnerable youth considering moving to South Africa, first focusing on a robust research framework.

Grupo Warnath
(October 2020 to September 2025)

The Warnath Group received a US$15 million award in 2020 to combat child sex trafficking in the provinces of Guanacaste and Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The Warnath Group is working to measure prevalence in these provinces and schedule activities that focus on intensive training and technical assistance for Costa Rican government officials, especially criminal justice professionals and social service providers.

washington university 
(October 2022 - June 2024)

Awarded $1.5 million to address trafficking through the lens of public health in South Africa, developing locally adapted basic standards of care, as well as a toolkit for service providers. The University of Washington will reinforce its approach through heat mapping to better understand risk vulnerabilities and resource allocation in Johannesburg and Cape Town.

winrock international 
(October 2022 - July 2026) 

Winrock International will use its $7.9 million award to focus on climate change-driven human trafficking in Bangladesh, particularly in the agriculture and fishing industries. Winrock will integrate anti-trafficking policies into existing government plans to address climate change, while empowering vulnerable communities. The program will conduct research to better understand the link between climate change and human trafficking and will use a phased approach to activities to determine their effectiveness.

Expansion of the Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum (PRIF)

In 2021, the TIP Office presented six awards for the Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum (PRIF) expansion initiative. Local organizations in Costa Rica, Brazil, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Tunisia will develop research conducted by the PEMS-funded Prevalence Reduction Innovation Forum and create specific programs to reduce human trafficking. Each program will match researchers with organizations, and teams will assess the impact of these programs in reducing the prevalence of human trafficking in these countries. Details of each project can be found below.

freedom background
(October 2021 to September 2025)

Freedom Fund received $1.3 million to focus on efforts to reduce child sex trafficking in Recife and Olinda, Brazil. This project will promote coordination between government and civil society in the prevention of child sex trafficking, develop and share evidence on the prevalence of child sex trafficking with multi-sectoral partners, and increase child protection through comprehensive informed care and prevention efforts. by survivors.

John Jay College of Criminal Justice
(October 2021 to September 2025)

The John Jay College of Criminal Justice received two awards in 2021: $1.6 million to combat forced labor in Costa Rica's artisanal fishing sector and $1.3 million to reduce forced labor among domestic workers in Tanzania. In Costa Rica, John Jay will work alongside local partners to address forced labor in the Gulf of Nicoya. The program will focus on building capacity to safely identify and refer potential victims of trafficking and empower at-risk communities to know their rights and access legal assistance. In Tanzania, John Jay and local partners will work in Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam to reduce forced labor among domestic workers through pre-departure education for workers and the education of community organizations to help victims.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
(October 2021 to September 2025)

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health was awarded $1.3 million to partner with local organizations to address forced labor in the brick-making industry in Pakistan's Sindh province. The program will provide workers with direct services, along with awareness raising and capacity building activities for law enforcement, bar associations, unions and other key stakeholders.

Stanford University
(October 2021 to September 2026)

The Stanford University Human Trafficking Data Lab was awarded $1.3 million to develop and implement advanced technology to detect forced labor in the coal industry in Pará, Brazil. Additional goals include building broad, multi-skilled teams, as well as advocacy to support survivors and vulnerable communities.

University of Massachusetts-Lowell
(October 2021 to January 2026)

The University of Massachusetts—Lowell was awarded $1.4 million for its project focused on reducing human trafficking among domestic workers in Tunisia, training justice sector professionals, and providing trauma-informed services to survivors. The program will focus on training and capacity building for policy makers, legal professionals, local stakeholders and civil society organizations, as well as an information sharing campaign for policy makers. of policy formulation.